1. It is used to talk about an action which began in the past and continues to the present.
- I have always loved trees.
- I have gone to the National Forest Conference for the last six years.
2. It is used to talk about an action that happened in the past where the time is not mentioned.
If the time is mentioned, you must use the simple past. (See the rules about unfinished time and finished time below.)
- I have been to three conferences on air pollution. (present perfect simple)
- I went to the conferences in 2000, 2002 and 2004. (simple past)
- They have decided to make me President of the group. (present perfect simple)
- They decided this in a meeting yesterday. (simple past)
3. It is used with words like
since 2003, this week and today
These words describe an unfinished time.
- I have worked here since 2003.
- I have read three articles today about trees and pollution.
Note: It is never used with time words like last week, last year, yesterday, five minutes ago, in 1995 etc.
These words describe a finished time.
Wrong: I have planted three trees last year.
Correct: I planted three trees last year.
4. It is used with just, already and recently.
- I have just read an article about trees and pollution.
- I have recently planted some oak trees in my garden.
5. It is often used with never and yet. It is used in questions with ever.
- I have never planted a tree.
- We haven't planted any trees yet.
- Have you ever hugged a tree?
The present perfect simple tense is made with has/have + the past participle.
- I / we / you / they have always loved trees.
- He / she / it has always loved trees.
- I / we / you / theyhave never had asthma.
- He / she / it has never had asthma.
- Have I / we/ you / they / ever planted a tree?
- Has she /he/ it ever planted a tree?
Present perfect tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa yang telah terjadi.
Kata keterangan waktu (Adverbs of time) yang dapat digunakan:
- since ... : sejak ...
- for ... : selama ...
- recently : baru-baru ini
- lately : akhir-akhir ini
Positive Sentence
Rumus:
- I/You/We/They + have + V3.
- He/She/It + has + V3
Verba ketiga (V3) ada dua macam: 1. Regular verb (verba berarturan) --> V1 + d/ed 2. Irregular verb (verba tidak beraturan) --> lihat daftar dalam kamus
Contoh kalimat:
- They have stood under the tree for two hours. (Mereka telah berdiri di bawah pohon itu selama dua jam. )
- The secretary has typed the letter since 10 o'clock. (Sekretaris telah mengetik surat sejak pukul 10).
Negative Sentence
Rumus:
- I/You/We/They + have + not + V3
- He/She/It + has + not + V3 (Have not disingkat menjadi haven't. Has not disingkat menjadi hasn't.)
Contoh kalimat:
- They have not stood under the tree for two hours.
- The secretary has not typed the letter since 10 o'clock.
Interrogative Sentence
Rumus:
- Have + I/you/we/they + V3 ?
- Has + he/she/it + V3?
Contoh kalimat:
- Have they stood under the tree for two hours?
- Has the secretary typed the letter since 10 o'clock?
